I'm sure this is out there somewhere, but I haven't seen it yet. When I saw the pretty new maps on the Powerball and Mega Millions sites, showing most of the states playing each game, I wanted to see the new population figures. The previous figures were pointed out in news stories, but I haven't seen the new ones. I made a chart, using the Census web site figures, except for the Virgin Islands, for which I used CIA Factbook figures, and calculating the totals.
Anyway, it's late, and I've had a few adult beverages, so I can't guarantee my numbers, but here's what I found:
MM PB
TX 23326974 23326974
CA 36756666
WA 6,549,224 6,549,224
ID 1,523,816 1,523,816
NM 1,984,356 1,984,356
ND 641,481 641,481
SD 804,194
NE 1,783,432
KS 2,802,134 2,802,134
OK 3,642,361 3,642,361
MN 5,220,393 5,220,393
IA 3,002,555 3,002,555
MO 5,911,605 5,911,605
AR 2,855,390 2,855,390
LA 4,410,796
WI 5,627,967 5,627,967
IL 12,901,563 12,901,563
MI 10,003,422 10,003,422
IN 6,376,792 6,376,792
OH 11,485,910
KY 4,269,245 4,269,245
TN 6,214,888 6,214,888
OR 3,790,060
AZ 6,500,180
MT 967,440
CO 4,939,456
WY 532,668
VI 109,825
FL 18,328,340
GA 9,685,744 9,685,744
SC 4,479,800 4,479,800
NC 9,222,414 9,222,414
VA 7,769,089 7,769,089
WV 1,814,468 1,814,468
MD 5,633,597 5,633,597
DC 591,833 591,833
DE 873,092 873,092
NJ 8,682,661 8,682,661
PA 12,448,279 12,448,279
NY 19,490,297 19,490,297
CT 3,501,252 3,501,252
RI 1,050,788 1,050,788
MA 6,497,967 6,497,967
VT 621,270 621,270
NH 1,315,809 1,315,809
ME 1,316,456
T 248,898,293 240,004,373
The columns didn't hold up very well in pasting, but it's readable. "T" is total, and I hope I got all the state abbreviations correct (I used my memory rather than the maps.
It appears Mega Millions still has the population advantage because of California. I'm not sure how California would handle Powerplay, since prizes have to be pari-mutuel.